The following general guidelines have been developed to help you protect yourself and your family from criminal and terrorist acts.To protect general residential security:
• Be alert for any signs of unusual activity that could indicate that the residence is under surveillance. The detection of potential threats is one of the most important safeguards for residential protection.
• Avoid the use of identifying or descriptive titles or designators on gates, doors, or bells indicating personal status.
• Never provide residence addresses to unknown individuals.
• Locate the nearest phone if the residence does not have a phone, make arrangements for its use in any emergency situation, and advise all members of the household including the servants of its location, and provide this phone number to the office staff.
• Never react to an emergency call alleging an accident or injury to a member of the family until the emergency is verified through a secondary source, e.g., hospital or police station.
• Assume a low profile in the neighborhood, avoid becoming involved in disputes with local citizens or neighbors, and if others initiate a dispute, leave the scene as quickly as possible and report the matter to the proper authorities.
• Leave an interior light and a radio on when leaving the residence at night to give the impression that someone is at home.
• Arrange to have the neighbors pick up all routine deliveries when leaving the residence for an extended period of time.
• Record all valuable belongings by serial number and full identification marks where possible.
• Be particularly alert when entering or leaving the residence during the early morning or late evening hours, and be suspicious of anything that appears abnormal or unusual.
• Make it a practice to observe the streets and areas around the residence when either leaving or returning. If anything suspicious is noted, do not attempt to leave or enter, as the case may be, and immediately alert the proper authorities for assistance.
• Closely examine all received mail, particularly if it is unsolicited, and if in doubt, call the U.S. security officer or local police for assistance.
• Have all repairmen call by appointment and carefully check all identification. Do not leave them alone in the home.
• Be alert for any suspicious persons working around the residence, e.g., public utility crews and road repair personnel, particularly where they can observe the residence. Report all such suspicious activities to the local police and to the company security officer.
• Attempt to find more than one shop which provides the necessary convenience services to avoid having to frequent the same place routinely or on a scheduled basis.
• Do not provide strangers or unknown callers information about family or office associate activities unless they have a valid need to know.
• Be alert for sudden, unexplained absences of local nationals in areas that they normally frequent.
• Never carry a personal weapon unless prior official approval has been granted, the required local documentation has been obtained, and accredited training has been taken in the proper and safe use of the weapon.
• Prepare and issue to each family member a card or slip of paper containing pertinent medical and emergency contact instructions to be used if they become involved in an accident, terrorist incident, or are unable to provide a verbal response. Emphasize the need to retain this information on their person at all times and periodically update it.
RESIDENTIAL PERIMETER SECURITY
For security measures pertaining to perimeter areas, ensure that:
• Existing perimeter walls and fences are kept in good repair and all doors, gates, and other openings are locked at all times.
• Adequate perimeter lighting is installed around the residence and operating during non-daylight hours, and such exterior lighting provides enough illumination to permit identification of visitors;
• Ornamental or decorative shrubbery placed near the residence is trimmed and well maintained to prevent its use for concealment of persons or objects;
• Where and when feasible, watchdog(s) are used inside and/or outside to act as an alert and or deterrent; and the local police are alerted that the residence is occupied and determine the best and most expeditious method of notifying them in an emergency.
RESIDENCE PHYSICAL SECURITY
Since proper physical security measures can provide a great degree of protection, ensure that:
• All exterior doors are equipped with good quality locks, preferably the vertical deadbolt type, and all exterior doors are locked at all times.
• Exterior doors are solid wood construction and fitted with a viewer to permit the observation of visitors on the opposite side.
• Glass areas of exterior doors are protected by metal grills, bars, or strong screens and those doors with glass fixtures have double face key locks to prevent entry by breaking out the glass and reaching inside to operate the thumb latch.
• Keys are not left in door locks.
• Spare keys are not hidden outside the home.
• All door locks are changed upon occupancy of a new residence, and strict accountability of all keys are maintained.
• All locks are replaced or re-keyed when keys are lost or mislaid.
• Deadbolts are activated when locking all doors, even when in the home.
• All outside exterior fuse and switch boxes are locked.
• All entrance doors and windows are locked when leaving the residence.
• Window grills, bars, or heavy screens are installed on all windows on the ground floor, assuring adequate alternate means of emergency escape from the residence.
• Windows adjoining trees or other buildings are protected, including provisions for alternate avenues of escape.
• All windows are protected on the inside with Venetian blinds and drapes, and such protective/decorative devices should be closed after dark.
• Drapes and blinds are arranged so that interior movements cannot be observed from the outside.
• All residents stay away from windows and close blinds or drapes if a civil disturbance and/or riot occurs.
• All home windows are checked and locked before retiring for the night.
• Valuable items are not displayed in areas where they can be easily observed from outside.
• A safe haven strong room within an interior area of the residence is selected and established to provide the maximum amount of security.
• Instruct all family members to alert the rest of the family and proceed to the safe haven or at the first sign of a disturbance.
SERVANT SECURITY
Since servants can play an important role in the family's safety and security, employees should:
• Verify the background and check references of all servants through the local security officer.
• Brief servants frequently on security precautions they are expected to exercise.
• Instruct servants to:
• Prevent strangers or unauthorized visitors from entering the home without specific approval.
• Identify all callers before opening doors.
• Reject packages from unknown callers.
• Obtain as much identifying information as possible regarding individuals attempting to deliver any unknown package.
• Avoid giving the impression that they are at home alone.
• Inform callers that the occupants are busy and determine the identity and purpose of the caller, advising them that the occupants will contact them later.
• Provide no information over the phone or to visitors regarding the residence or its occupants.
• Avoid discussing the activities of the family with friends or acquaintances, and report the presence of any suspicious persons or objects observed in or near the residence.
• Do not make confidants of the servants. Tell them only what they need to know regarding your plans and intended movements.
• Re-brief all servants periodically on security instructions related to the home, its occupants, and their responsibilities.
SOCIAL AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
To ensure better personnel protection and/or safety during social and recreational activities:
• Prepare invitations when hosting a large social gathering in your home and notify guests that the invitation will be collected upon arrival as a control mechanism to prevent the admission of uninvited or unknown "guests".
• Conduct security checks, if possible, on any temporary domestic help retained for social functions.
• Become acquainted with the neighbors and form a block warning system whereby anyone will notify local police if they observe suspicious persons or activities in the neighborhood or around a residence.
• Periodically discuss with family members the possibility of suspicious activities during social functions and review planned responses with them.
• Limit family social activities and set curfews for dependents contingent on the local situation.
• Do not enter an elevator already occupied by a stranger or suspicious looking person during late hours and in isolated areas.
• Try to stand next to the control panel and be ready to press the alarm button if necessary, when riding in an elevator.
• Be familiar with local language phrases needed to summon help.
• Provide each family member with emergency telephone numbers and the proper local coinage for the commercial phones, if necessary.
• Vary arrival and departure times to regular daily or weekly social events when possible, even though it may be inconvenient.
• Do not discuss social or recreational activities in public places.
• Refuse to accept transportation from unknown persons.
• Use only approved recreational facilities where safety and protective features are provided.
PERSONAL PROTECTION DURING LOCAL TRAVEL
When traveling, personnel should observe the following protective measures to reduce the possibility of being exposed to a dangerous situation or the risk of a security breach:
• Avoid carrying large sums of money; however, carry a reasonable amount of local currency concealed for emergency use.
• Carry the routine Identification any traveler would have, i.e., passport, credit cards, and driver's license.
• Do not carry on your person or in your luggage any passes, credentials, telephone numbers, or other identification that would possibly identify you with an intelligence agency or the Department of Defense.
• Cooperate with duly designated officials when they are conducting routine screening procedures before boarding transportation vehicles.
• Avoid behavior that would attract attention if involved in an aircraft hijacking, detained, or questioned while en-route.
• Respond to questioning in a polite, civil manner while maintaining common sense, good cover, and security.
• Move through the inspection and check in procedures in commercial transportation terminals as soon after arrival as possible, and spend all waiting time in security controlled areas.
• Attempt to select a seat near an exit when traveling on public transportation.
• Avoid flashy, ostentatious display of personal effects while traveling.
• Remain alert to immediate surroundings at all times when driving a vehicle, drive defensively, and be prepared to respond to situations that could influence the safety of the vehicle and its occupants.
• Do not publicize travel plans.
• Advise a family member or friend of intended route(s) of travel and approximate transit time(s) when leaving home for a social event or local trip.
• Establish routine check in procedures with family or friends and follow them precisely.
• Avoid going anywhere alone when possible, travel only on busy, well lighted thoroughfares, and avoid isolated back country roads.
• Know where the dangerous areas in city are located and avoid them.
• Remain in a lane that prevents the car from being forced to the side of the road, and allow alternate routes of escape.
• Keep all vehicle doors locked and windows rolled up to within 2 inches of the top when traveling to prevent unexpected entry by individuals.
• Lock unattended vehicles and attempt to park them off the streets at all times.
• Inspect the interior and exterior of a vehicle before entering even if it has been locked and look for any suspicious objects or unexplained wires inside or underneath.
• Vary pick up points when using texts if possible, and instruct the driver on the route to take if familiar with the area.
• Regardless of the mode of transportation, prepare an itinerary for office or family use that includes dates of travel, transport vehicle identity, arrival and departure times, contact instructions, and phone number and name of person to be notified in an emergency.
• Keep personal vehicle in good running condition and know its capabilities and limitations.
• Rotate use of official vehicles among all station personnel to reduce identifying individuals with a particular car.
• Use local license plates if possible, and avoid any distinguishing markers or decals.
• Advise all vehicle occupants to observe traffic, suspicious vehicle(s) behind you, and/or a vehicle containing several persons parked near intersections.
• Maintain a safe distance between your vehicle and the car in front to avoid or pass it without being blocked if it should suddenly stop.
• Inform someone of your route and destination when traveling late at night or visiting remote and strange areas.
• Avoid any observed or known civil disturbances or potential demonstration locations, even if the travel direction or route must be drastically changed.
• Conduct area familiarization studies of the establishments frequently visited, and pre-select and memorize the locations of available safe havens such as police or other security force posts along all routes of possible travel.
• Try to keep the gas tank in your personal vehicle full at all times.
• Do not pick up strangers regardless of the circumstances.
• Fasten seat belts at all times (driver and all vehicle occupants) when the vehicle is in motion.
• Avoid establishing routine schedules.
If you are planning personal travel, the following tips could help you have a safe and secure trip:
• Utilize traveler's checks or credit cards, rather than carrying large amounts of cash; however, when you leave a place of business after using a credit card, do not leave the carbon record of your charge behind. Not only does the receipt help you keep track of your funds, but a recent development has shown that people are copying the account number from the discarded carbons for these charge receipts and then ordering airline tickets or other merchandise, and charging it to the copied account.
• Plan for any language barriers and know some of the language commonly spoken wherever you are traveling.
• Learn to recognize the uniforms of local law enforcement officers.
• Dress inconspicuously.
• Avoid meeting strangers in unknown or isolated areas.
• Do not depend on the hotel room door lock for protection, whether in the room or not. For extra protection, use a chair, drawer, rubber wedge, or portable travel lock.
• Lock balcony doors or any windows in a hotel that are accessible from outside.
• Locate the fire exits, be able to recognize the fire alarm signal, and plan actions in the event of a hotel fire. If escape is not possible, fill the bath tub with water and be prepared to wait out the fire in the bathroom.
• Carry all luggage in the auto trunk.
• Bring all luggage into the hotel room each night.
• Use a reliable travel agency, club or association to obtain information about the destination and what should be done or avoided while there.
• Be cautious when shopping because charge accounts, check cashing, or package delivery will probably not be available. Carry the most valuable package closest to the body.
• Lock suitcases and do not over-pack if using public transportation.
• Store luggage in a coin operated locker during a layover
• Use only authorized baggage handling personnel for assistance with your luggage.
• Determine taxi fares before using a taxi service.
• Lock camper or motor-home doors even while driving.
• Notify rangers, park police, or other nearby campers of selected campsite.
• Use the auto horn as an emergency alarm if required.
• Be especially dubious of unwarranted attention and offers of friendship from strangers in resort areas.
• Take precautions against pickpockets in a crowd.
• Go sightseeing with a group and be cautious of suggestions of places to go and things to do.
RESIDENCE PROTECTION WHILE TRAVELING
• Before leaving home for any travel, make the following preparations:
• Ask a neighbor to park a car in the driveway from time to time, possibly leaving it there overnight.
• Do not let newspapers and mail accumulate, but do not cancel them. Have a neighbor pick them up. If the newspaper office or the post office is notified, a large group of people are aware that you will be gone.
• Invest in three or four automatic timers, and set them so that lights go on and off in the living room, bathroom, and bedroom. It is especially effective if these timers are set to operate in sequence. Remember that lights left on all night are a sure sign that someone is away.
• Attach a timer to a radio or TV. Silence makes a house appear empty.
• Have someone mow the lawn regularly.
• Make certain all windows and doors are secured before leaving. Since an empty garage advertises the owner's absence, close and lock the garage door.
• Leave a house key with a trusted neighbor, as well as a phone number for any emergency.
• Do not leave a key under the doormat, in the mailbox, or on the door sill. The burglar knows all those places.
Residential Security Planning
Begin to develop a tentative Residential Security Plan for yourself and all members of your family before leaving the U.S. Update your plan regularly as circumstances dictate.
One single concept, more than any other, should permeate all planning activities, namely “LOW PROFILE." In other words, DO NOT draw attention to yourself as an American by driving a big American car, subscribing to U.S. magazines, etc.; blend in to local environs.
There is a great deal of professional help available for the family moving overseas. Major Multinational corporations have large International Departments and Corporate Security Departments which may serve as valuable resources for Residential Security Planning.
Libraries have an abundance of current reference materials on working and living abroad. Obtain a current political profile of the country to which you will be moving to aid you in assessing the level of risk. Corporate Security Directors of large multinational companies can identify a number of commercial organizations which publish political profiles of most countries as well as periodic updates.
You and your family should study the culture and customs of the country you are about to enter. Use library sources and reference works.
Assessing the Level of Risk at Foreign Sites
The following factors must be taken into consideration when evaluating the seriousness of the personal risk to your family when contemplating a move abroad:
1) A risk assessment of the location to which you will be moving.
2) The profile of the company for which you work. Highly visible defense contractors may not be welcome in some parts of the world.
The threat assessment designators below were formulated by the Department of State Threat Analysis Division in the Diplomatic Security Service. The level assigned to a particular country is the result of the political/ terrorist/criminal environment in that country.
High The threat is serious and forced entries and assaults on residents are common or an active terrorist threat exists.
Medium The threat is moderate with forced entries and some assaults on residents occurring, or the area has
potential for terrorist activity.
Low The threat is minimal and forced entry of residences and assault of occupants is not common. There is no known terrorist threat.
Location of the Residence
Every residence to some extent provides protection against criminal intrusion, because most of them have certain built in security devices.
However, no residence is totally secure and each faces some risk of crime. It is the occupants of the residence, however, through their security attitudes and awareness, who contribute the most to their overall security.
The first step in the residence selection process should be choosing a safe neighborhood. The local police, U.S. Embassy, other American residents, and other sources, will facilitate this process.
During the neighborhood selection process, particular attention should be paid to the condition of the streets, e.g., paved or unpaved, maintenance condition, wide or narrow, one way or two way traffic (two way is preferred). Parked and/or double parked vehicles could impede access to, or egress from, the residence. Density of pedestrian traffic could create security hazards. Dense vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic facilitates retention of anonymity of criminals.
Examine the quality of lighting at night time; determine pedestrian and vehicular traffic patterns, parks, playgrounds, recreation areas, the existence of public or commercial enterprises intermingled with residential
dwellings, fire hydrants and police call boxes. Attention should also be given to the routes into and out of the neighborhood.
The type of residences in the area will give some idea of the income level of the neighborhood. Families with similar income levels tend to share similar lifestyles and security concerns.
Note the overall security precautions that are taken in the neighborhood, such as barred windows, security fences, extensive lighting, large dogs, and security guards. Such visible precautions may indicate a high level of security awareness or a high crime area. Ensure you properly interpret reasons for same by checking the crime levels with local police.
residence provide sufficient alternatives which do not lock you into predictable patterns. Specifically, it is essential that dead end streets or narrow one way streets be avoided.
Parking - Underground parking, unless tightly controlled, should be avoided particularly in high threat areas and in multi story buildings. Ideally, a garage that can be locked is the most suitable means of securing vehicles at single family dwellings. Carports and driveways within fenced or guarded areas will also normally suffice. Parking the car on the street should be avoided.
In the interest of retaining a low profile, it is not always advisable to be identified with certain controversial companies, such as munitions or defense contractors.
Avoid residences that are susceptible to clandestine approach and concealment due to shrubbery and trees. Consider residences located near friends or co workers, so that you can car pool during high stress periods.
Selection of Residence Type
Given a choice between apartment or single dwelling living, an apartment offers greater protection against criminal intrusion. An apartment, especially one above the second floor, presents a more difficult target, provides the tenant some degree of anonymity, provides the benefit of close neighbors, and is almost always easier and less expensive to modify with security hardware. In the event of an emergency and loss of mmunications, neighbors can often be relied upon to come to another tenant's assistance. At the very least, they can notify the authorities.
Apartments on the first or second floors should be avoided because of their immediate and easy accessibility from the street level or from trees, tops of large vehicles, or porch roofs. Foreign objects can easily be introduced to first and second floor apartments from the outside area accessible to the public.
Although an apartment above the second or third floor is preferred, do not select apartments on floors above the fire fighting and rescue capabilities of the local fire department. Even the most sophisticated fire and rescue equipment has limitations. In most countries it would be well not to live above the seventh floor.
It is important that access to the lobby of the apartment building be tightly controlled by a doorman or an electronic system such as card key readers or CCTV.
Surveillance of a particular target is sometimes more difficult in an apartment building because of multiple tenants.
The private or single dwelling allows the occupant greater opportunity to establish more rigid access control to the property. However, since single dwelling residences are seldom designed or built with security as a major consideration, it is usually more difficult to achieve good security.
After Moving In The Residence
Take your passport to the U.S. Embassy or Consulate and register as soon as possible following arrival in a foreign country.
All countries abroad where Americans are permitted to conduct business have a U.S. Embassy or American Interests Sector of a friendly embassy in the capital city of that country. In other major population centers there is often times a U.S. Consulate.
Registration greatly facilitates emergency evacuation from the country of residence, if it becomes necessary.
When you have finally moved into your new residence, make an immediate effort to familiarize yourself with your new surroundings. Walk around the neighborhood and drive around the area to get a good idea of where you are located. Note the layout of the streets. Make a mental note of one way streets. Drive around at night. Streets and buildings look much different in the dark with artificial light.
Get acquainted with at least one neighbor as quickly as possible. You may need a neighbor in an emergency or for a temporary "safe haven" in the event of a burglary or other type of incident.
Learn the location of the nearest hospital and police station. Drive the route to the hospital in daylight and at night. Go directly to the Emergency Room entrance so no time is lost if you really have to use the facility. Check on traffic conditions during rush hours and at other times. Determine how long it will take you to reach the Emergency Room at various times during day and at night.
American Embassies and Consulates can advise any American citizen or business representative on possible terrorist threats in foreign countries. However, it must be noted that officials must limit their assistance to security services of an advisory nature. As mentioned at the beginning of this book it is incumbent on each individual to assume a high level of personal responsibility and not rely on any one source for security. The American Embassy or Consulate typically, can provide the following information:
• The nature, if any, of the general terrorist threat in a particular country.
• Whether private American citizens or companies have been the target of terrorist threats or attacks in the recent past.
• Specific areas in cities or countryside that are considered dangerous for foreigners.
• Recommended host government contacts, including police officials; local employment requirements for private security services.
• Methods and agencies available for security and background checks on local employees.
• Local laws and regulations concerning ownership, possession, and registration of weapons.
• Local government laws, regulations, and policies on paying ransom or making concessions to terrorists.
In the case of a terrorist action against an American citizen or company, the embassy or consulate can:
• Facilitate communication with the home office and the family of the victim if normal channels are not adequate.
• Help establish useful liaison with local authorities.
• Provide information and suggest possible alternatives open to the family or company of the victim.
• The U.S. Government, however, cannot decide whether or not to agree to terrorist demands. Such a decision can be made only by the family or company of the victim, but it should be in conjunction with the appropriate authorities.
The official U.S. Government policy, as publicly stated, is not to make any concessions to terrorist demands and, while such policy is not necessarily binding on the private sector, the private sector is well advised to review its proposed action in time of crisis with the Embassy or Consulate.
Unlike some U.S. Government employees who enjoy diplomatic immunity while living and working in the host country, U.S. private sector employees and their families are subject to all laws of the host country. It is well to remember that the constitutional safeguards enjoyed by all Americans in the U.S. do not apply to the actions of foreign governments.
Obtain emergency fire and safety equipment as soon as possible, including but not limited to fire extinguishers, first aid kits, blankets, matches and candles, flashlights and battery operated radios with spare batteries. Consider storing a seven day supply of canned food, juices, water and staples for all members of the family. Supplies should be stored for emergency use and inspected on a regular basis.
Family members and domestic employees should be trained and tested on the use of each item of emergency equipment.
Once an emergency strikes, it is too late to go looking for a "friendly face. Know beforehand where you will turn for help. Familiarize yourself with the identities of nearby neighbors, their servants, and their vehicles. This will facilitate the identification of a stranger or an unauthorized individual in the area.
Investigate the possibility of participating in an alert/calling list in event of emergencies. If such a list does not exist, create one.
Be cognizant of host country fire regulations and telephone numbers. Determine if the emergency number has someone on the other end who can understand you if you do not speak the local language. Arrange alternate emergency numbers which can forward your call in the local language if necessary.
It is highly recommended that an "Employee and Family Profile" form be filled out for each family and updated at least once a year. Keep one copy at home and one at the office with supervisor or person responsible for security. Include current photos of each family member.
Perimeter Security
Generally, there are two lines of defense for a residence, the outer and the inner perimeter. The outer ordinarily is a property line in the case of a single residence, or the outer lobby door in an apartment or high rise condominium. A third, or remote outer perimeter, may exist if your home or apartment is situated in a private compound or club environment.
Outer Perimeter
Any perimeter barrier, even if it is only a symbolic hedge, serves as a deterrent. An intruder must commit an overt act in crossing the barrier and run the risk of being seen. Therefore, it is recommended that, where possible, a single family dwelling overseas have a perimeter barrier.
The type barrier employed should be carefully considered as each has its advantages and disadvantages. Different type barriers include:
• Hedges and Natural Growth Material This type of barrier is useful in marking the property line. However, unless they are thick and covered with thorns or pointed leaves, they can easily be breached.
• Picket and Chain Link Fences Advantages include view of outside area by resident, while not providing a hiding place for a potential intruder. Residual benefit is restraint for watchdog.
• Solid or Block Fences/Walls Although a solid wall limits the occupant's observation out of the compound and could provide concealment for an intruder, it is usually the most secure perimeter barrier.
The perimeter barrier is no stronger than the gate. A solid wooden gate is appropriate for a hedge or picket fence, a chain link gate is appropriate for hedge, a picket fence or a chain link fence, and solid wooden or metal gate is appropriate for a sold fence/wall. The gate should be well anchored with hinges on fence or wall, swing outward inside, and be provided with keys to locks. Shrubbery around a single detached dwelling should be trimmed in such a way that it does not provide a hiding place.
Consider installation of a contingency or emergency exit through the rear of the property, to be utilized only in high risk situations.
Inner Perimeter
Grills - All building exterior openings over 96 square inches in size on the ground floor or accessible from trees, vehicle tops or porches should be grilled. Bars of solid steel, flat or round stock, spaced five to seven inches apart, with horizontal braces 10 12 inches apart to provide adequate rigidity, and securely imbedded on all sides to a depth of at least three inches into the adjacent wall/frame, should be installed. Use clip anchors or bend the end of the bars when grouting them into the wall. Otherwise, where possible, the bars should extend through the wall and be secured on the interior.
Shatter resistant film, a high quality clear plastic sheeting glued to windows, is recommended and should be applied to windows and doors before the grills are installed. Decorative grills should be so designed that the protection afforded is equal to the conventional type grills. Wherever possible, grillwork should be installed on the interior of the opening.
At least one grill in each section of the sleeping quarters should be hinged and equipped with an emergency release to permit emergency exit in the event of fire. Houses with a single corridor access to all sleeping quarters should have an iron grill gate to control the bedrooms at night time. This grill gate would constitute an inner perimeter protection for the sleeping quarters. Where grillwork is required, a complete early warning fire detection and alarm system must be installed.
Locks and Key Control Locks are described in several ways and these various descriptions tend to confuse the layman. For example, they are described by their use (primary or auxiliary), by their locking mechanism (pin tumbler, wafer disc, lever, magnetic, cipher, etc.), by the type of cylinder (single or double), or by the type of mounting (key in the knob, mortised, rim, etc.).
All primary residential entry doors should be equipped with both a primary and auxiliary lock. Additionally, each entry door should have a 190 degree optical viewer or equivalent.
Primary locks are the main lock on a door and are identified by the fact they have handles. These locks are usually key in the knob or mortised type locks with the locking hardware located in a cavity in the door. Unless they have a latch or bolt that extends into the door jamb 5/8 inch to one inch, they do not provide sufficient protection.
Auxiliary locks usually are deadbolts which are mortise or rim/surface mounted, located on the inner door and door frame surface, and do not have handles. This type lock does not have to be keyed and may be nothing more than a sliding deadbolts. The exception to this rule is where there is a window or side light within 40 inches of the lock.
Change all exterior locks, including garage door and mail box lock (if in an apartment) prior to moving into new residence abroad, in either a new or used home. It is possible to change only the lock cylinder or to re-pin the cylinder on good quality locks without changing the complete locking device.
Exterior doors with or near glass panels should be equipped with dead bolts which are key operated on both interior and exterior. It is advisable to place an extra key for this type lock in a concealed area in the immediate proximity to the inside lock in case of emergencies. All residents should be aware of its location. Never leave the key in the inside lock for personal convenience.
Lock all fuse boxes and electrical panels located on the exterior of the residence.
Maintain strict key control on all exterior locks. Never hide an exterior door key outside the house. Sophisticated burglars know all the hiding places.
Install an intercom between primary entrance and the inside foyer or protected area. In apartments and homes the intercom should be backed up with a peep hole in solid core door with an angle of visibility of 190 degrees.
Remove all name identification from your gate and doors. Avoid displays which identify YOU as an American.
Burglars/terrorists are always on the alert for an easy way to enter a residence. Doors, windows, and garages should be closed and locked at all times when the residents are away from home, no matter how short the time. If there is any doubt about accountability of keys to a home, have the lock cylinders replaced or re pinned. Keys should be controlled and only given to mature family members or trusted friends. When domestic employees are given a key, it should only be to the primary lock of one entry door. They should never be given keys to both the primary and auxiliary locks. This ensures that the occupants can always secure the residence in the evenings or when the domestic staff is absent. Insure that access to the residence is not permitted through domestic employee's quarters.
Have qualified locksmith install effective locking devices on sliding glass doors which are highly vulnerable. Avoid using louvered or jalousie windows which are a very easy mark for even the most inexperienced burglar.
Any padlocks used for residential security should always be stored in the locked position. Sophisticated burglars sometimes will replace a padlock with a similar one to which they alone have the key.
Electronic garage door openers have advantages and disadvantages and, therefore, should be installed with discretion. A security advantage, in addition to the convenience, is that it is not necessary to leave the security of your locked car to enter and lock your garage behind you. The disadvantage is that such devices can often be compromised by a variety of inexpensive transmitters. If installed, insure maximum protection is installed on door between garage and interior of house. Discuss with competent locksmith.
Intrusion Alarms and Security Lighting
Intrusion or alerting devices are any means by which a resident and/or the local police/security force are made aware of the attempted or forcible entry of a residence. This includes alarm systems, guards, dogs, noisemakers, and communications systems.
Alarm Systems Basically, alarm systems perform two functions: they detect an intruder, and they report the intrusion. However, for the purpose of residential security use overseas, an alarm system in a residence should be considered as a deterrent device. In areas abroad where forced entry of a residence is commonplace, or where an active terrorist threat is present, the use of a good residential alarm system is highly recommended.
Minimum desired alarm system features are:
• Capable of operating on the local electrical current and have a rechargeable battery backup.
• Relatively easy to install and trouble shoot. Many local electricians may not be capable of installing or repairing a complex alarm system.
• Equipped with a time delay feature to allow the occupant to arm or disarm the system without activating the alarm.
• Capable of being wired with a fixed or mobile panic switch, a device which permits manual activation of the alarm system. Panic switches should be installed in the safe haven, in the living portion of the residence and outside as well for use by residential guards.
• Security lighting should be an integral part of the intrusion system.
Lighting Most intruders will go to great lengths to escape visual detection. Therefore, they will normally strike at a residence that appears vacant or is dark.
Outdoor lighting can be a major deterrent against criminal intrusion. Properly used, it can discourage criminal activity and aid observation.
The important elements of protective outdoor lighting are coverage and evenness of light.
It is possible that in some residential settings existing street lighting, along with one or two porch lights, will furnish sufficient lighting. However, it may be necessary to install additional lighting in order to achieve the degree of security desired. If outdoor lighting is to be used as a protective measure, all accesses to vulnerable areas of the property and house should be lighted.
Lighting should be placed in such a manner that it covers the walls of the residence and the ground area adjacent to the perimeter walls. Also, it should illuminate shrubbery and eliminate building blind spots.
If security lighting is deemed advisable in your location, it should consist of two independent systems. Cosmetic or low level tamper resistant fixtures installed in the eaves or overhangs for continuous perimeter illumination, and emergency floodlights tied to the alarm system so that they will turn on automatically when the alarm is activated. A manual switch should be installed in the living quarters of the single family residence, so that they may be turned on independent of the alarm system.
It is a good idea to connect the cosmetic lighting to a photo electric cell which automatically turns them on at dusk and off at dawn. They should be connected to a dimmer, so that the light level can be adjusted to the extent that it would discourage an attack on the house by burglars but at the same time would not be offensive to the neighbors.
Insure that all lighting systems are installed in compliance with local codes.
Consider installation of diesel powered auxiliary generator which turns on automatically when electric power fails. Turn on at least once each quarter to insure it's in good working order.
"Mushroom" lights which are installed along the foundation of the house and cast a light up the side of the structure are easily compromised and should be avoided.
Extended Absences From the Residence
Extended absences present the burglar with his easiest opportunity to target a residence. There are many indicators to a burglar that a residence is unoccupied. For example, discussing the planned absence in the office or in the neighborhood, forgetting to cancel deliveries, leaving the home unlighted and the blinds or drapes drawn, and closing the shutters.
While residents are away, automatic timers or photoelectric switches should turn on inside lights, a radio, or even an air conditioner to create the illusion that someone is home.
Invite a reliable neighbor to park a car in your driveway at times during your absence, especially at night.
Ask close friends or neighbors to look after the home and turn on and off different lights, put out trash as usual, etc.
In many foreign locations it is advisable to have trusted domestic employees remain in the residence during extended absences.
If you live in a single family house or if the servants are on vacation, you could hire a guard but do not give him access to enter the house. He should only patrol the garden area which encircles the house.
Hook up of a telephone answering device which serves to defeat the telephone call that is made by the terrorist/criminal to determine if someone is home.
Domestic Hires Screening and Responsibilities
Domestic employees can either be a valuable asset to residential security or a decided liability. The chances of obtaining the services of a reliable servant can be improved by hiring one employed and recommended by a friend, acquaintance or neighbor.
Prospective applicants should be required to produce references and should be Interviewed thoroughly.
It is wise to personally check with references to confirm their existence and obtain Information concerning the reliability, honesty, attitudes and work habits of prospective applicants.
In some countries, the authorities will conduct background investigations upon request.
In some foreign countries, it is an accepted practice to request full personal data from applicants for employment. This data should be copied from either a National Government ID card or a passport.
Do not accept the person's word as to their name and date of birth without an authentic government document to back up their claim.
Obtain the following information:
• Government Identity Card or passport, etc., for number, date of birth, nationality, full names, valid date, place of registry.
• Letters of reference: Be sure you know who wrote it and what it says. (Usually written in local language.)
• Obtain the address of the former employer and the company he represented.
• Good domestic employees are generally referred by your predecessor, although this is not always the case.
This entire procedure should only require a few days if you utilize good contacts with competent police recommended by the embassy, consulate or your predecessor. If you are unable to establish good contacts, contract the job out to reliable investigative consultants.
SERVANT CAUTIONS
Do not permit domestics of untested integrity and reliability in your home. If you must engage a cook or house servant before investigation is completed, do not entrust keys or an unoccupied house to the employee in question.
When you have hired a servant, record his/her complete name, date and place of birth, Identity card number, telephone number, and address as well as the names of spouse, parent or close relative.
Domestic help should be briefed on security practices. It is critical that they be rehearsed and re-briefed from time to time to refresh their memory and to update previous instructions. Domestic staff should be briefed on visitor control, how to report suspicious or unusual activity, proper telephone answering procedures, and admittance of maintenance men to the residence. They should also be made aware of emergency telephone numbers. They should be able to reach the man or woman of the house by phone to report critical situations at the residence.
Domestic employees should be trained to answer the door rather than members of the household. They should not be allowed to admit visitors without specific approval. When visitors, repair or services personnel are expected, domestic employees should be informed of their probable time of arrival and identification and should not unlock or open the door until they have been properly identified.
Domestic employees should never give a caller the impression that no one is home, nor should they tell when the occupants are expected. They should be directed to reply that occupants are "Unable to come to the phone right now but will return the call, if the caller will leave his name and telephone number."
Domestic employees should not be allowed to overhear family plans and official business. Sensitive and confidential letters such as those dealing with business strategies, hiring or firing practices, employee disciplinary matters and other matters which are closely guarded at the office, should be equally guarded at home. Travel itineraries, purchasing negotiations and bids, labor negotiation strategies, pricing and marketing information, to name but a few, are other examples of official business which should not be shared with domestics in any form, written or oral, and documents relating to same should not be left unsecured about the residence.
Terrorists or burglars do not always break in; sometimes people let them in. Family members should be wary of salesmen, or unexpected visits from repairmen or utility company representatives, even if they are in uniform. Ask to see their credentials or call their office to verify their bona fides. If a stranger asks to use the telephone, do not let him in. Make the call for him. Do not hesitate to be suspicious if the situation warrants it. An intercom system can be used to determine a stranger's business before he is allowed access to the residence.
Frequently brief all domestic hires, such as maids, cooks, gardeners, handymen and chauffeurs, on security precautions. Be very specific in making clear what you expect of them. It is advisable to select one member of the domestic staff and make him/her responsible for the actions of others.
Instruct the domestic help to report to the man or woman of the house the presence of strangers in the neighborhood. Virtually all kidnappings and terrorist assaults have indicated that the perpetrators had an intimate knowledge of the victim’s habits developed through surveillance prior to attack.
Do not allow domestic help to invite anyone into your home without prior approval.
All domestic employees should be given a copy of the following security instructions translated into their native language. All of the instructions apply to maids, and most apply to janitors, gardeners, and other domestic help. These employees should be alert to suspicious individuals around your residence. The importance of reporting any unusual inquiries or activities promptly should be emphasized. Vehicle license numbers and accurate descriptions should be obtained whenever possible. The Suspi-cious Activity Reporting Checklist can be used for this purpose.
• Keep exterior doors closed and locked during the day.
• Close and lock all exterior doors at night.
• Close and lock windows and shutters, and roll down window coverings at night.
• Do not admit strangers, peddlers, inspectors, survey or census takers, or investigators you do not know, even if they are in uniform or display credentials. Tell them to call your employer or contact the company office. Do not open the door to these people.
• Do not admit repair people unless you have been told by your employer to expect them.
• Do not accept packages unless you have been told by your employer to expect such a delivery.
• Do not give information of any kind about this family on the telephone unless you are absolutely certain the caller is a friend. Do not identify the family's street address or telephone number to unknown callers.
• If you receive any anonymous calls or threats, or if you observe anything unusual or suspicious in the vicinity of this house, report it to your employer.
• Make a note of the license number of any suspicious vehicle parked near this house and give the information to your employer.
• If any strange objects or packages are discovered in the house or yard, leave them alone and inform your employer at once. If your employer is not available, call the police.
Residential Telephone Security
One can never be sure of the true identity of a person on the other end of a telephone line. For this reason, it behooves all of us to exercise the following telephone security precautions:
• Do not answer the telephone by stating the name of the family.
• If a caller inquires, "To whom am I speaking?' respond with a question like, "Who are you calling?"
• Do not give the residence telephone number in response to wrong number telephone calls. If the caller asks, "What number did I reach?" respond with another question like, What number are you calling?"
• Report repetitive wrong number telephone calls to the telephone company, the person in charge of Security at your company, if there is such a person, and to the police as appropriate.
• Be suspicious of any caller alleging to represent the telephone company and advising that the telephone service may be interrupted.
• Be skeptical of telephone calls from strangers advising that a family member has been injured or has won a prize, or making any other assertion that is followed by a request for the family member to leave the home immediately. Verify the telephone call by looking up the number of the caller in the directory, check it against the one given by the caller, and then call the number to verify the information given.
• Children should be advised not to converse with strangers on the telephone for any reason. When an adult is not present, a child will occasionally answer the phone. Children should be instructed to tell callers in such circumstances that the adult being called is not available to come to the phone, rather than reveal that the adult is absent from the home.
• When practical, home telephone numbers should be unlisted and unpublished.
• Do not list home phone numbers in company directories unless circulation is highly restricted.
• Family members and domestic help should not divulge personal information or travel plans over the telephone to anyone without specific authority to do so .
• Avoid party lines.
• Consider use of answering devices for ALL incoming calls in order to be selective in which calls you choose to answer.
• Report ALL suspicious activity to your security contact at the company or the local police.
• Locate the nearest public telephone to your home and inform the family and household members of its location for their use in an emergency. Also, locate the nearest non public telephone to your home to which you have access, perhaps a friendly neighbor's phone, for the same reason.
• All family members should carry the phone number of one or more trusted neighbors who have a clear view of your home, either front or rear.
• An extortionist may call you at your office and claim that family member(s) are being held at gun point at your home and, unless a sum of money is paid to a third party or placed at a designated location, they will be harmed. A telephone call to a neighbor who has a clear view of your home may, by simply looking out the window, determine that your family is in no jeopardy at all and thereby determine with reasonable certainty that the call is a hoax.
• If a strange vehicle is parked in the driveway, the police should be notified as appropriate.
• Emergency telephone numbers of police, fire, medical and ambulance service should be available for quick reference at each telephone in the home. Check accuracy of list every six months or so.
• You and family members should practice the use of public telephones.
• If available and legal in the country, maintain a set of portable two-way radios one in your own home and one in a neighbor's home in the event wire communications are severed. Telephone service in many foreign countries is highly unreliable.
In certain emergencies, it may become necessary on short notice to locate and account for all members of the family. Make it a habit to know generally where family members will be every day. Make a list of phone numbers of all places frequently visited by family members such as neighbors, friends’ homes, clubs, beauty salons, barbers, favorite restaurants, schools, etc. All family members should carry a copy of the list and a copy kept at home for domestics and one at the office. Update regularly.
Businessmen should discourage the delivery of mail to their private residence. Either rent a Post Office Box registered to your office or have your personal mail delivered to your office.
Family members and domestic help should accept no mail parcels or other unexpected deliveries unless they are sure of the source.
Don't open the door to accept strange deliveries. Packages should be left by the door. Wait a considerable time before opening the door to retrieve the package.
If a delivery man requires a signature, have him slide receipt under the door.
Continuously remind yourself and others in the household to be suspicious of all incoming mail and parcels and to remain alert for the following danger signs:
• Appearance
Is it from a strange place?
Is there an excessive amount of postage?
Are there stains on the item?
Are wires or strings protruding or attached to the item in an unusual location?
Is the item marked conspicuously receiver's name: i.e., Personal Smith, Confidential for Mr. Smith?
Is the spelling on the item correct?
Does the letter or package contain an inner letter or package addressed to a particular individual or tied with a string, tape, wire, rubber band, or any compression item?
Do the return address and the postmark differ?
• Weight
Is the item unusually heavy or light?
Is the item uneven in balance or lopsided?
• Odor
Do the items smell peculiar? Many explosives used by terrorists smell like shoe polish or almonds.
SUSPICIOUS PACKAGES
If any parcel is at all suspicious, STOP further handling, place item against exterior corner of room. DO NOT IMMERSE ITEM IN WATER. This may make paper soggy and cause spring loaded device to detonate. Open windows and evacuate the immediate area. Call appropriate authorities.
Banking and Charge Accounts
Checking accounts, charge accounts and loan applications create audit trails which divulge more about you and your family than you may wish to be known. Purchasing habits can reveal much about the value of household goods and personal valuables that are kept in your residence and which might become attractive to potential thieves. It may be prudent to utilize major U.S. credit cards as opposed to writing checks on local banks, in order to reduce the audit trail your financial transactions can leave.
When requested to write a phone number on checks or credit card slips, use the office number and have family members do the same.
DO NOT imprint your home address or phone number on personalized checks.
Residential Trash Security
Trash containers have been proven to be excellent sources of intelligence for curiosity seekers and terrorists. Employees should not discard in residential trash private papers, letters, drafts of outgoing correspondence, bills and invoices, canceled checks, or any other type of materials which might result in embarrassment or compromise to the security of any member of the household.
Trash receptacles should be stored inside the residence or outside in a secure shed, to preclude easy access by the curiosity seeker or the placement of dangerous objects.
Quality of Law Enforcement Protection
Police Capability Assessment of police protection available to a given area is necessary. Determine if the police have sufficient officers and means of transportation and communication to respond to residential crimes in a timely manner. Every effort should be expended to establish quick, dependable communication links to the local security or police force to insure their effective response in an emergency. You should be aware of the attitude of the government, police and the general public towards other nationals, particularly Americans. A strong anti-American attitude may be cause for diminished police responsiveness.
Where police capability is in doubt, the use of a private guard service should be considered. However, the use of guards is costly and the quality of guards varies significantly from area to area. Most guards are poorly trained and ineffective. However, if the guard can at least alert the resident to an attack on the residence by tripping a "panic" switch, sounding a horn, or blowing a whistle, he has done his job.
All guards should be subjected to a security check. As much as possible should be known about the employed guards, particularly where and how effectively he has worked previously. At a minimum, guards should be physically capable of performing their shift duties during the normal work day. They should be provided with the following: written guard orders (both in English and native language), a uniform, a communication or alerting device, e.g., air horn, whistle, alarm panic switch, two way radio, etc., a flashlight, and a defensive weapon such as a club or a chemical deterrent (mace). In rare instances where the threat warrants and local laws and customs allow, a side arm should be considered provided the guard is fully trained in its use.
Firearms in Foreign Countries
Firearms restrictions and/or requirements differ from country to country. Persons assigned overseas should contact the local police authority to ascertain the law of the land concerning private ownership of weapons.
If authorized by the host country, weapons must be maintained and used in accordance with the local customs and laws. Host country licenses must be obtained when required. Training and safety should be prime considerations if a weapon is to be maintained in the home.
Illegal importation of a firearm is a serious criminal offense in many countries.
Children's School
When children are to be picked up at school by other than immediate family members, there should be an established procedure coordinated with school officials to assure that they are picked up only by authorized persons.
Children should be instructed in observing good security procedures such as traveling in groups, refusing rides with strangers, avoiding isolated play areas, keeping parents informed as to time and destination, reporting all strange events and attempted molestation’s and how to get help or call the police.
In many overseas locations it is economical to contract with a taxi company/driver to pickup and drop off students at school and home. Insist on the same driver every day and instruct children not to ride with a strange driver. In other locations car pooling may be practical.
Coups d’etat – Coups D’etat is defined as “a sudden overthrow of a government by a usually small group of persons in or previously in positions of authority”.
The following actions should be considered in the event of Coups d’etat:
• Establish and maintain contact with the U.S. Embassy and any designated officers. Each post abroad formulates an Emergency Action Plan unique to its location, to deal with a coup d'etat and an attempted coup.
• DO NOT automatically pack and leave the country on your own initiative. Most coups only last a few days and are usually preceded by some type of advance warning, such as demonstrations, and therefore, often times can be anticipated. Contact the U.S. Embassy for guidance BEFORE taking drastic action.
• Monitor local news media, TV, radio and newspapers for any evidence of anti-American activity, since such activity will have an impact on the Embassy's Emergency Action Plan.
• In certain locations, for example in some third world countries, where the political climate is right for coups and coup attempts, it is recommended that adequate supplies of non perishable foods and drinking water be stockpiled in your home to sustain your family for an arbitrary period of time (days or weeks) consistent with the existing threat.
• Maintain regular (at least daily) contact with the Embassy during such periods of high stress.
• Develop alternate routes of evacuation from your residence to be used in the event of fire or other emergency where rapid evacuation would be necessary.
• Be prepared. Have bag packed for each family member in the event you have to leave on short notice.
• Appropriate amounts of currency and traveler's checks should be isolated and kept on hand.
• Keep airline tickets (without reservations) on hand for each family member.
• Maintain current passports and, visas for a “safe haven” country.
• Prepare a list of telephone numbers for transportation companies, should emergency evacuation be necessary, i.e., taxi, airlines, private limousine service, etc. Place near the office and home telephones.
• Consolidate important personal records/files for easy access and transportation.
• Have more than one (1) evacuation plan.
• Have in place a pre planned telephonic pyramid contact system, to insure the American population in the host country is aware of what is happening. A pyramid contact system is one in which each person called with information is required to call two or three others to relay the same information.
Social Activities
During social gatherings, conversations with citizens of host country, especially with reference to
political, racial, economic, religious and controversial local issues, should be closely guarded and as non committal as possible.
Where possible, employees in high threat areas should avoid social activities which have a set place and schedule, such as the same church service every Sunday morning, shopping at the same store every Saturday, and attending well publicized American citizen functions.
Watchdogs
A dog's extremely sensitive and discriminating senses of smell and hearing enable it to detect quickly a stranger who is not normally present in the residential area. The well trained dog will normally bark ferociously when approached by an intruder.
Dogs should be well trained to react only to the introduction of strangers into the residence area, to stop barking on command from the owner, and to accept food only from its master.
Sophisticated burglars can neutralize the most ferocious of watchdogs by tossing it a meat patty laced with Demerol or other drug, which will put the dog to sleep for several hours.
There are some potential liabilities associated with the presence of an animal whose role is to deter, discourage, and rout criminal intruders, particularly if the animal does not discriminate well between friend and foe.
Recreation and Exercise
In order to establish a potential target's routine and evaluate the level of security awareness, terrorists usually watch their intended victims for some time before they attack. Therefore, persons in high threat areas should consider whether or not to participate in recreational/exercise activities which have a set place and schedule such as: bowling, little league sports, golf, tennis, jogging, walking, etc.
If you decide to participate in these sports, you should select jogging paths, tennis courts, golf clubs and all out of door activity locations with great care. For example, do not indiscriminately jog through a park with which you are not totally familiar. Use densely populated areas, if possible.
Illicit Drugs
Despite repeated warnings, drug arrests and convictions of American citizens are still on the increase. If you are caught with either soft or hard drugs overseas, you are subject to local and not U.S. laws. Penalties for possession or trafficking are often the same.
The laws governing the use, possession, and trafficking in illegal drugs vary widely throughout the world, as do penalties for violations of those laws. One may be legal in one country and may constitute a serious criminal offense in another. It behooves all U.S. Citizens living abroad to familiarize themselves with selected laws of the host country, especially those relating to illegal drugs.
The Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, has emphasized the seriousness of violations of illegal drug laws abroad and resultant penalties:
"Possession and use of illegal drugs overseas is no casual matter. Unlike the United States, in many countries trafficking and even possessing drugs for personal use are extremely serious offenses. You may have no rights at all no bail, no speedy trial, no jury trial the penalties can be severe and the prisons can be frightening. You are subject to the criminal sanctions of another country. In at least two countries I know of, the penalty includes death and the U.S. State Department will not be able to help you."
It is important that this warning be emphasized to all family members living abroad, especially to teenage children and young adults.
In the case of prescription medications, it is advisable to leave all medicines in their original labeled containers if you require medication containing habit forming drugs or narcotics. You should also carry a copy of the doctor's prescription. These precautions will make customs processing easier and also will ensure you do not violate the laws of the country where you plan to live or are currently residing.
RESIDENCE SECURITY EVALUATION WORKSHEET
The following questions should be considered in developing this worksheet:
• Do you know and have you posted near the telephone the number of the nearest police station?
• Do you know how to report a fire and your dwelling location in the local language?
• Do you and your family have an emergency escape plan with alternate emergency escape routes?
• Have you practiced this emergency plan?
• Have you instructed your family and servants regarding the admission of strangers, no matter how authentic their credentials may appear?
• Are you, your family, and servants alert in the observations of strange vehicles or persons who may have you under surveillance or may be "casing" your residence for a burglary?
• Have you verified the references and good health of your servants?
• Do you know the location and telephone number of the nearest police, fire department, and hospital?
• Do you have any type of fire extinguishers?
• Do you know the type of fire on which to use your extinguisher?
• Has your fire fighting equipment been inspected or recharged within the past year?
• Does every member of your family and domestic staff know now to use your fire fighting equipment?
• Do you keep your cash and small valuables in a safe storage place?
• Do you have a list of the serial numbers of your watches, cameras, typewriters, computers, radios, stereo, etc.?
• Do you keep an inventory of all valuable property?
• Do you have an accurate description (with photographs) of all valuable property which does not have serial numbers?
• Do you avoid unnecessary display or publicity of your valuable items?
• Have you given your family and servants instructions on what they should do if they discover an intruder attempting to break in or already in the house?
• Have you told your family and servants to leave the house undisturbed and call the police if they find a burglary has been committed?
• Are all your first floor windows protected?
• Are unused windows permanently closed and sealed?
• Are your windows properly and securely mounted?
• Can window locks be opened by breaking the glass?
• Do you keep your windows locked when they are shut?
• Are you as careful with securing windows on the second floor or basement windows as you are with those on the ground floor?
• Have you locked up your ladder or relocated trellises that might be used as a ladder to gain entry through a second story window?
• Do you have sliding glass doors and if so, do you have a rod or "Charlie Bar" to place in the track?
• Do you lock your garage at night and when you are away from home?
• Are all garage doors and windows equipped with adequate locks and are they in good working order?
• Are tools and equipment left in the garage where a burglar might be able to use them in gaining entry to your residence?
• Do you use heavy duty sliding deadbolts on your most used doors as auxiliary locks?
• Can all your doors including porch, balcony basement, terrace and roof be locked securely?
• Are all your locks in good working order?
• Does anyone other than your immediate family have a key to your residence (i.e. previous tenants, owners, servants, friends)?
• Are all unused doors permanently secured?
• Are all locks securely mounted?
• Do you hide a spare key to your main entrance under a door mat, in a flower pot, or some other nearby, but obvious, spot?
• Do you answer the door partially dressed?
• Do you have a peephole or interview grille in your main door?
• Do you answer the door without first checking to see who has rung the bell or knocked?
• Do you lock your padlocks in place when the doors are unlocked (garage, storage room, unused servants' quarters, etc.)?
• Are padlock hasps installed so that screws cannot be removed?
• Are hasps and staple plates mounted so that they cannot be pried or twisted off?
RESIDENTIAL EXTERIOR
• Do garden gates lock?
• Are gates kept locked and the keys under your control?
• Is the gate bell in working order?
• Are stairways lighted?
• Are walls of sufficient height to deter thieves?
• Are exterior lights adequate to illuminate the residence grounds, particularly around gates and doors?
• If butane gas is used, are the bottles secured in a safe place?
• Are there any poles, boxes, trees, or out¬buildings that would help an intruder scale your wall or fence?
BUILDING DOORS
• Are the exterior doors of solid wood or metal construction?
• Are locks on your exterior doors of the cylinder type?
• Are they the dead locking (jimmy proof) type?
• Can any of your door locks be opened by breaking a glass or light wood panel next to the lock?
MISCELLANEOUS DEPENDENT CONCERNS
• Have children and employees been briefed on security requirements (locked windows & doors, no admittance of strangers, no acceptance of packages, etc.)?
• Do occupants have a firearm in the home? Is it protected (trigger lock, disassembled, etc.) from, children?
• Have occupants been trained in its use?
• Do the occupants, including older children & domestic employees, know how to use extinguishers?
• Is there a smoke detector in the dwelling?
• Are smoke detectors properly installed?
• Are smoke detector batteries replaced at least once a year?
• Are smoke detectors tested periodically?
• Does the dwelling have an operational emergency radio, with an outside antenna?
• Do the occupants, includ¬ing older children and domestic employees, know how to use the radio?
• Are emergency phone numbers (post, fire, police, and ambulance) kept near the phone?
• Has a background check been conducted on domestic employees?
SAFEHAVEN
• If a safe haven is recommended, can one be accommodated?
• Does the safe haven have a solid core, metal, or metal clad door?
• Is the emergency radio kept charged and available in the safe haven?
• Are toilet facilities available in the safe haven?
• Is there an emergency egress from the safe haven?
• Does the dwelling have at least one 5 lb. or 10 lb. ABC general purpose fire extinguisher located in the kitchen?
• Does the dwelling have at least one 2 1/2 gallon
• Are water type fire extinguishers located in the safe haven?
• Are fire extinguishers checked periodically?
ALARMS
• Are all entrance doors alarmed?
• Are all non grilled windows within access of the ground, balconies, trees, etc. alarmed?
• Does the alarm have an external alerting device, such as a bell or siren?
• Is the alarm linked by transmitter to a central monitor station?
• Does the system have panic buttons placed at strategic locations around the residence?
• Do the occupants test the alarm periodically?
• Are exterior hinges protected?
• Does each major entrance have a door viewer or interview grille?
WINDOWS
• Are windows and wall air conditioners anchored and protected by steel grillwork to prevent removal from the outside?
• Are all non ventilating windows permanently secured?
• Are all windows accessible from the ground, balconies, trees, ledges, roofs and the like protected by grilles?
• Are all windows kept Closed and locked when not in use?
• Have emergency escape provisions been incorpor¬ated into one or more window grilles?
• Are all sliding and hinged glass doors secured with a metal grille gate?
• Are all sliding glass doors and windows secured by a rod (charley bar) in the slide track?
EXTERIOR OF APARTMENT
The following questions should be considered to enhance security:
• Is apartment height within the rescue capabilities (ladder height) of the fire department?
• Is the balcony (or other apartment windows) accessible from another balcony, ledge, roof or window?
• Are the public areas of the building controlled and well lighted?
• Can lobby and elevator be viewed from the street?
• Are secondary entrances to the building and parking controlled?
DOORS
• Can each exterior (regular, sliding, French, etc.) door be adequately secured?
• Does the primary lock on each door work?
• Are all doors kept locked?
• Can any door be opened from the outside by breaking a door glass or sidelight?
• Have all unused exterior doors been permanently secured?
• Are all keys accounted for?
• Have all "hidden" keys (under door mat, etc.)
EXTERIOR OF SINGLE FAMILY OR DUPLEX DWELLING
• Are gates kept locked?
• Are there handy access routes (poles, trees, etc.) which may be used to get over the barrier?
• Is public or residence lighting sufficient to illuminate all sides of the dwelling?
• Are all lights working at sufficient height to prevent tampering?
• Have hiding places near doors, windows ~ garage or parking area been illuminated or eliminated?
• If garage is available, is it used and kept locked?
SAFE NEIGHBORHOODS
• Is unit in good residential area with a low crime rate?
• Do other employees live nearby?
• Is the police and fire protection adequate and within 10 minute response time?
• Are there a number of alternate routes to and from the dwelling?
EXTERIOR OF SINGLE FAMILY OR DUPLEX DWELLING
• Is the property well-¬defined with a hedge, fence or wall in good condition?
• Are the gates solid and in good condition?
Residential Safety
The following suggestions should be considered in planning for residential security:
Housing for employees should be in relatively safe, stable neighborhoods. The U.S. Embassy, local police, and other Ameri¬cans in the area can provide information regard¬ing neighborhoods.
The on site security manager should be respon¬sible for approving a residence. Particular attention should be given to the surrounding neighborhood, that is, the condition of streets, density of vehicular and pedestrian traffic, access into and out of the neighborhood, and the location and nationality of owners of surround¬ing residences. Additionally, the location and types of trees and shrubs should be noted, as well as the presence of parking and the quality of lighting at night.
Another important factor to be considered in residential selection is the type of residence. An apartment located above the ground or first floor is usually considered more secure than a single family dwelling. However, if an apartment is chosen, care should be taken to ensure that there are no exterior balconies or footholds that would enable would be thieves to climb up to the apartment from the ground. In addition, apart¬ments should not be selected on floors above the fire fighting and rescue capabilities of the local fire department.
Once a residence is approved, adequate techni¬cal (alarm systems) and physical (solid exterior doors and fences and/or walls) security should be provided.
